Our research program focuses on developing a
greater understanding of, and better treatment
options for,musculoskeletal problems with a
biomechanical component to their etiology.
Specific attention is directed towards the
upper and lower extremities, as seen for
instance in our work on mechanisms underlying
foot fractures and research into the neural
control of hand muscles. Imaging of the
extremities using various modalities is a key
technology that complements our biomechanical
analyses.
Research being performed in conjunction with the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology involves improving the treatment of diabetic foot pathologies. This research has resulted in us developing new technology to simultaneously measure pressure and shear forces at specific sites under the feet of patients with distal periphery neuropathy. Our goal to understand the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers has led to the creation of sophisticated mathematical models that incorporate both 3D anatomical information as well as tissue properties derived from non-invasive image-based measurements.We are also designing prosthetic devices to enhance the ambulatory capabilities of amputee patients.
A detailed understanding of the transmission of forces from the ground through to skeletal structures is not only useful for diabetic research. Astronauts who spend considerable time in microgravity experience diminished musculoskeletal loading and this results in substantial muscle and bone loss.We are currently conducting research projects aimed at quantifying activities of daily living in microgravity. In addition, we are designing new exercise devices for potential use on the International Space Station.
Mathematical models that describe neuromuscular control,muscle properties, and interaction with the environment yield a theoretical framework that can produce realistic computer simulations of human movement. The number of joints and muscles in the human body far exceeds the minimum required for the execution of motor tasks. This type of redundancy allows us to perform any given task with infinite variety. It also offers opportunities for strategic interventions in movement control, possibly mediated by design of footwear, orthotics, and prosthetics. Goals of such interventions range from injury prevention and rehabilitation to improved performance in daily activities. Successful applications require that we can predict the effects of these interventions. These predictions are made using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, including analysis and simulation of human movement, musculoskeletal injury, and control of posture and gait.
Mechanisms of control of human voluntary movements have been studied extensively over the past several decades. Although much has been revealed regarding control strategies in the peripheral neuromuscular system, little is known concerning how the brain, the center of any neuromuscular operation, controls a voluntary motor action. Another important question is how the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, adapts to various acute and chronic perturbations, such as fatigue, immobilization, training, aging, microgravity, injury or disease. A better understanding of these questions will lead to more effective treatment of movement-disorders. Our laboratory develops and uses neuroimaging and signal processing technologies for structural and functional mapping of human brain and skeletal muscles to gain insight into the CNS control strategies for voluntary movements and adaptations under a variety of circumstances.
